..............Knowledge management is an important part of the success of an organization. The main concern is whether it is useful for the organization to make the profit or advantage. But as Earl said "...knowledge management is not easy to define"(Earl, 2001) .Now a lot of debate is happening around this topic. I'm looking at two models; Earl 7 School and Kakabadse's model of knowledge management through the eye of SECI framework by (Nonaka, 1991).
..............In the Earl 7 school study, Earl claimed that every organization follow any one of the characteristics of the school. The characteristics are "technocratic”,” economic" and "behavioral"(Earl, 2001). The first section technocratic is fully dependent on information technology. System school which is the sub section of technocratic nature are capturing the specialist knowledge and use it in knowledge bases (Earl, 2001), so that other peoples in the organization use that information. This is basically "internalization" (Nonaka, 1991). Here in systems school the mode of internalization is based on IT, being technocratic in nature.
.................In cartographic school also IT plays an important role."It only deals with who knows what" (Earl, 2001).They just concentrating on the "personalized knowledge" rather than the "codified knowledge"(Earl, 2001). Even though ,the less structured engineering school uses the concept of internalization. From the example given by Earl, it is clear that there is "knowledge repositories" which consist of information about the market, competitors, research proposal etc (Earl, 2001). If a person is using these kinds of knowledge repositories repeatedly for the benefit of the company, by practice it becomes the tacit knowledge within that person; this is internalization. It shows that SECI framework suits in engineering model
.................In the 7 school, commercial school only concentrates on "exploitation "of the knowledge rather than the "exploration" of the knowledge (Earl, 2001).Making profit is the one and only motto of the commercial school. . No concept of SECI framework (Nonaka, 1991) is used in this school.
............In organizational school, sharing, storing and exchange of information is happening with the help of IT, its well known as behavioral in nature(Earl,2001). At the same time they were using the "personalized knowledge" and the "codified knowledge"(Earl, 2001). "Socialization" is an important factor in theses type of school, which is enabled by SECI framework (Nonaka, 1991).
..................Spatial school provides Cafeteria and kitchen in the floor of the organization, which means that there is a good chance of socialization (Earl, 2001). But SECI framework (Nonaka, 1991) works well in the spatial school also. Earl claims that strategic school represents knowledge management as a dimension of competitive strategy (Earl, 2001).But there is no SECI model concepts used anywhere in the strategic school. But here Earl says that strategic school works on "competitive advantage”, in a sense it works for the profit. As Earl said if some organization concentrates on the profit, it obviously becomes the economical school. So SECI framework has got no connection with the strategic school.
......................"Chain of knowledge flow is data-information-realization-action-wisdom" by (A. Kakabadse, N.Kakabadse ,A kouzmin,2003).There are four knowledge management models; philosophical, cognitive, network and Cop based (A Kakabadse,N Kakabadse, A kouzmin, 2003).
................Philosophy based model deals with the "epistemology of knowledge" (A Kakabadse,N Kakabadse, A kouzmin, 2003). In this model technology is in rear seat, but here the leading factor is performers in top level management. SECI framework is not playing any role here in this model. Here the concept is "Socratic" which says that "justified true belief"(A Kakabadse,N Kakabadse,A Kouzmin,2003).
....................Cognitive model considers "knowledge as an asset" and also says that it can be managed (A Kakabadse,N Kakabadse, A kouzmin, 2003). From the instance given by (A Kakabadse, N Kakabadse, A kouzmin, 2003) when a new technology is introduced to an organization, by continuous use it becomes embodied within the organization.Comparing to philosophical model IT is much more prominent here.
....................In network model there is always a "exchange" of information, "flow of resources" within the network (A Kakabadse,N Kakabadse, A kouzmin, 2003).The person who got the license to go beyond the library gets the idea form outside and applies here. The organization gets the new idea because of the "socialization" of that person (Nonaka.1991).Sharing of information is also done within the companies which are located far from others with the aid of IT. SECI framework (Nonaka, 1991) works here as well as in the cognitive model."CP model builds on the sociological and historical perspective" by (A Kakabadse, N Kakabadse ,A kouzmin,2003,83).The CP culture can be found anywhere in the environment, not just in the organization but also in home, school, college, hospital(A Kakabadse, N Kakabadse ,A kouzmin,2003).The members of the CP is not officially committed , to work in a strict manner. SECI framework (Nonaka, 1991) works well in CP model also.
........................Quantum model works in the emerging section of quantum technology (A Kakabadse,N Kakabadse, A kouzmin, 2003). In the case of “complex decision making" more than knowledge top level management need wisdom (A Kakabadse, N Kakabadse ,A kouzmin,2003,84).Quantum computing will help the top level management by giving virtual experience of decision outcomes(A Kakabadse, N Kakabadse ,A kouzmin,2003). SECI framework doesn’t suits here in quantum computing at anywhere.
.................SECI framework although deals with basic culture of an organization, It doesn’t works with every model simultaneously. In the Earl 7 school model cartographic, commercial and strategic models doesn’t gel with the SECI framework.I haven’t got any connection between the SECI characteristics in three of the models. In the other models philosophy and quantum based model doesn’t have the characteristics of SECI framework. It all says that although there is acceptance of SECI, it’s not the end of the frameworks.
Reference:
..............In the Earl 7 school study, Earl claimed that every organization follow any one of the characteristics of the school. The characteristics are "technocratic”,” economic" and "behavioral"(Earl, 2001). The first section technocratic is fully dependent on information technology. System school which is the sub section of technocratic nature are capturing the specialist knowledge and use it in knowledge bases (Earl, 2001), so that other peoples in the organization use that information. This is basically "internalization" (Nonaka, 1991). Here in systems school the mode of internalization is based on IT, being technocratic in nature.
.................In cartographic school also IT plays an important role."It only deals with who knows what" (Earl, 2001).They just concentrating on the "personalized knowledge" rather than the "codified knowledge"(Earl, 2001). Even though ,the less structured engineering school uses the concept of internalization. From the example given by Earl, it is clear that there is "knowledge repositories" which consist of information about the market, competitors, research proposal etc (Earl, 2001). If a person is using these kinds of knowledge repositories repeatedly for the benefit of the company, by practice it becomes the tacit knowledge within that person; this is internalization. It shows that SECI framework suits in engineering model
.................In the 7 school, commercial school only concentrates on "exploitation "of the knowledge rather than the "exploration" of the knowledge (Earl, 2001).Making profit is the one and only motto of the commercial school. . No concept of SECI framework (Nonaka, 1991) is used in this school.
............In organizational school, sharing, storing and exchange of information is happening with the help of IT, its well known as behavioral in nature(Earl,2001). At the same time they were using the "personalized knowledge" and the "codified knowledge"(Earl, 2001). "Socialization" is an important factor in theses type of school, which is enabled by SECI framework (Nonaka, 1991).
..................Spatial school provides Cafeteria and kitchen in the floor of the organization, which means that there is a good chance of socialization (Earl, 2001). But SECI framework (Nonaka, 1991) works well in the spatial school also. Earl claims that strategic school represents knowledge management as a dimension of competitive strategy (Earl, 2001).But there is no SECI model concepts used anywhere in the strategic school. But here Earl says that strategic school works on "competitive advantage”, in a sense it works for the profit. As Earl said if some organization concentrates on the profit, it obviously becomes the economical school. So SECI framework has got no connection with the strategic school.
......................"Chain of knowledge flow is data-information-realization-action-wisdom" by (A. Kakabadse, N.Kakabadse ,A kouzmin,2003).There are four knowledge management models; philosophical, cognitive, network and Cop based (A Kakabadse,N Kakabadse, A kouzmin, 2003).
................Philosophy based model deals with the "epistemology of knowledge" (A Kakabadse,N Kakabadse, A kouzmin, 2003). In this model technology is in rear seat, but here the leading factor is performers in top level management. SECI framework is not playing any role here in this model. Here the concept is "Socratic" which says that "justified true belief"(A Kakabadse,N Kakabadse,A Kouzmin,2003).
....................Cognitive model considers "knowledge as an asset" and also says that it can be managed (A Kakabadse,N Kakabadse, A kouzmin, 2003). From the instance given by (A Kakabadse, N Kakabadse, A kouzmin, 2003) when a new technology is introduced to an organization, by continuous use it becomes embodied within the organization.Comparing to philosophical model IT is much more prominent here.
....................In network model there is always a "exchange" of information, "flow of resources" within the network (A Kakabadse,N Kakabadse, A kouzmin, 2003).The person who got the license to go beyond the library gets the idea form outside and applies here. The organization gets the new idea because of the "socialization" of that person (Nonaka.1991).Sharing of information is also done within the companies which are located far from others with the aid of IT. SECI framework (Nonaka, 1991) works here as well as in the cognitive model."CP model builds on the sociological and historical perspective" by (A Kakabadse, N Kakabadse ,A kouzmin,2003,83).The CP culture can be found anywhere in the environment, not just in the organization but also in home, school, college, hospital(A Kakabadse, N Kakabadse ,A kouzmin,2003).The members of the CP is not officially committed , to work in a strict manner. SECI framework (Nonaka, 1991) works well in CP model also.
........................Quantum model works in the emerging section of quantum technology (A Kakabadse,N Kakabadse, A kouzmin, 2003). In the case of “complex decision making" more than knowledge top level management need wisdom (A Kakabadse, N Kakabadse ,A kouzmin,2003,84).Quantum computing will help the top level management by giving virtual experience of decision outcomes(A Kakabadse, N Kakabadse ,A kouzmin,2003). SECI framework doesn’t suits here in quantum computing at anywhere.
.................SECI framework although deals with basic culture of an organization, It doesn’t works with every model simultaneously. In the Earl 7 school model cartographic, commercial and strategic models doesn’t gel with the SECI framework.I haven’t got any connection between the SECI characteristics in three of the models. In the other models philosophy and quantum based model doesn’t have the characteristics of SECI framework. It all says that although there is acceptance of SECI, it’s not the end of the frameworks.
Reference:
- Nada Kakabadse, A Kakabadse and Alexander kouzmin(2003),Reviewing the knowledge management literature: towards a taxonomy, vol 7, no 4.
- Michael Earl,(2001),Knowledge management strategies:Towards taxonomy,vol18,no1
- Nonaka(1991),The Knowledge-Creating Company, Harvard business review.
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